Oberquelle, Horst & Beckmann, Oskar 2008. Beckmann's Studio Computers Specified for Early Computer Art. In: IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. Los Alamitos, CA, USA:IEEE Computer Society

“When the pioneers of computer art started to produce their works by programming mainframes, using plotters for output, the Austrian sculptor Otto Beckmann took a different path. He used a special computer constructed by his son Oskar Beckmann. This article describes the technical context of early computer art, Beckmann’s interdisciplinary team ars intermedia, and the development of nonconventional studio computers.” (Abstract)